【因式分解:公因式、恆等式及十字相乘法】Factorization: Common Factors, Identities and the Cross Method

SketchMath 數學團隊 SketchMath Maths Team | 更新 Updated 2026-10-20

因式分解的次序:① 先提取公因式,② 看看能否用恆等式(a² − b²、a² ± 2ab + b²),③ 用十字相乘法分解 ax² + bx + c,④ 有四項時用分組分解。最後要展開驗算。Factorize in this order: 1) take out the common factor, 2) look for an identity (a² − b², a² ± 2ab + b²), 3) use the cross method for ax² + bx + c, 4) group terms when there are four. Always expand to check.

用 AI 逐步解因式分解題目 Solve it with AI練習 236 條 DSE 模擬題 Practise 236 DSE-style questions
y = (x − a)(x − 3) 的圖像在各個因式的根處穿過 x 軸。拖動 a:展開式 x² − (a + 3)x + 3a 隨之改變,a = 2 即例題 1。 The graph of y = (x − a)(x − 3) crosses the x-axis at its factors. Drag a: the expanded form x² − (a + 3)x + 3a changes, and a = 2 gives Example 1. 自己試試 → Try it yourself →

因式分解方法 Factorization Methods

公因式Common factorax + ay = a(x + y)
平方差Difference of two squaresa² − b² = (a + b)(a − b)
完全平方Perfect squarea² ± 2ab + b² = (a ± b)²
十字相乘法,x² + bx + cCross method, x² + bx + cx² + (p + q)x + pq = (x + p)(x + q)
十字相乘法,ax² + bx + cCross method, ax² + bx + c(mx + p)(nx + q),其中 mn = a、pq = c、mq + np = b(mx + p)(nx + q) with mn = a, pq = c, mq + np = b
分組分解Groupingx³ − 2x² − 9x + 18 = (x − 2)(x² − 9)
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因式分解例題詳解 Worked Examples

例題 1 Example 1:十字相乘法(首項係數為 1) Cross method with a = 1

因式分解 x² − 5x + 6。Factorize x² − 5x + 6.

  1. 找兩個積為 6、和為 −5 的數:−2 及 −3Find two numbers with product 6 and sum −5: −2 and −3

答案: Answer: (x − 2)(x − 3)

例題 2 Example 2:十字相乘法(首項係數不是 1) Cross method with a ≠ 1

因式分解 6x² + x − 12。Factorize 6x² + x − 12.

  1. 試 (3x − 4)(2x + 3):交叉項 3x·3 + (−4)·2x = 9x − 8x = x ✓Try (3x − 4)(2x + 3): the cross terms are 3x·3 + (−4)·2x = 9x − 8x = x ✓
  2. 驗算:6x² + 9x − 8x − 12 = 6x² + x − 12Check: 6x² + 9x − 8x − 12 = 6x² + x − 12

答案: Answer: (3x − 4)(2x + 3)

例題 3 Example 3:分組分解及恆等式 Grouping, then identities

把 x³ − 2x² − 9x + 18 完全分解。Factorize x³ − 2x² − 9x + 18 completely.

  1. x²(x − 2) − 9(x − 2) = (x − 2)(x² − 9)
  2. x² − 9 是平方差:(x − 3)(x + 3)x² − 9 is a difference of squares: (x − 3)(x + 3)

答案: Answer: (x − 2)(x − 3)(x + 3)

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💡 應試陷阱與秘訣 Exam Traps & Secrets

⚠️ 先提取公因式 Take out the common factor first2x² − 18 = 2(x² − 9) = 2(x − 3)(x + 3)。漏了公因式 2,答案便不完整。2x² − 18 = 2(x² − 9) = 2(x − 3)(x + 3). Skipping the factor 2 leaves the answer incomplete.
⚠️ 十字相乘法的符號錯誤 Sign errors in the cross method常數項為負,兩個數必定一正一負。把答案展開,核對中間項。If the constant term is negative, the two numbers have opposite signs. Expand your answer to confirm the middle term.
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✏️ 自我測試:互動練習 Self-Test: Interactive Practice

溫習方法:點擊以下任何題目,即時在坐標網格載入並核對計算步驟。How to study: click any question to load it on the coordinate grid and check your steps.

(十字相乘法 Cross method)因式分解 4x² − 12x + 9 及 3x² + 10x − 8。Factorize 4x² − 12x + 9 and 3x² + 10x − 8.
(立方差 Difference of cubes)完全分解 a³ − 8。Factorize a³ − 8 completely.
(分組分解 Grouping)因式分解 xy + 3x − 2y − 6。Factorize xy + 3x − 2y − 6.
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因式分解練習題(DSE 模擬題) Exercises: DSE-Style Practice

SketchMath 題庫內的 DSE 風格練習,選擇題及長題目均附解答。 DSE-style practice from the SketchMath question bank, with solutions for every MC and long question.

恆等式與因式分解 · 中二
86 條選擇題 86 MC · 86 條長題目 86 long questions
續多項式的因式分解 · 中三
39 條選擇題 39 MC · 25 條長題目 25 long questions

常見問題 Frequently Asked Questions

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